8^th Glycobiology World Congress July 11-12, 2019 Zurich, Switzerland

Glycan sequences cannot be described by a simple linear one-letter code as each pair of monosaccharides can be linked in several ways and branched structures can be formed. Few of the bioinformatics algorithms developed for genomics or proteomics can be directly adapted for glycomics. The development of algorithms, which allow a rapid, automatic interpretation of mass spectra to identify glycan structures, is currently the most active field of research. The development and use of informatics tools and databases for glycobiology and glycomics research has increased considerably in recent years.

Glycans are components of many bio-therapeutic agents, ranging from natural products to molecules based on rational design to recombinant glycoproteins. The glycan components of these agents can be important determinants of their biological activity and therapeutic efficacy. Biochemistry and Glycobiology involves a multidisciplinary study of carbohydrate-binding proteins (lectins), glycolipids  and some other plant proteins that are capable of interacting with endogenous or foreign (macro) molecules.

Glycobiology is the study of the structure, biosynthesis and biology of saccharides that are widely distributed in nature. Sugars or saccharides are essential components of all living things and aspects of the various roles they play in biology and are researched in various medical, biochemical and biotechnological fields. Indeed, most human metabolomics studies published today, even those exploiting the latest and most sensitive LC-MS/MS technologies, typically succeed in identifying or characterizing fewer than 100 compounds.

Glycobiology and Glycochemistry are the two main intertwined areas of Glycosciences, dealing with various aspects of glycans, including carbohydrate structure, biochemistry, biological functions and applications. This is necessary in order to sustain and advance the identification of key glycobiological aspects and the application of glycans and glyco-engineering strategies in the design of novel therapies to improve human health. 

Cancer is caused when cells within the body accumulate genetic mutations and start to grow in an uncontrolled manner. Understanding how cancer develops and progresses including how glycan mutations drive the growth and spread of cancer cells and how tumours interact with their surrounding environment is vital for the discovery of new targeted cancer treatments.

Cancer Science aims to present research that has a significant clinical impact on oncologists or that may alter the disease concept of a tumor. Researchers are working to understand the process by which cancer spreads known as metastasis with the aim of developing new treatments that prevent cancer spread or target metastatic tumours. Scientists believe the glycolipid complexity arises in part because tumours develop through a process of evolution by natural selection just as species of animals and plants have done.

Structural Biology is the branch of biology which embarks the importance of biophysics and biochemistry in the molecular structure of biological macromolecules. It also provides information about the effect of structural alterations of macromolecules on their function. This process of determination of structures of proteins, nucleic acids may take years as the shape, size and assemblies of these molecules may be altering the function.

Mass spectrometry (MS) based proteomics allows the sensitive and accurate quantification of almost complete proteomes of complex biological fluids and tissues. At the moment, however, the routinely usage of MS-based proteomics is prevented and complicated by the very complex work flow comprising sample preparation, chromatography, MS measurement followed by data processing and evaluation. The new technologies, products and assays developed by Precision Proteomics could help enabling and establishing mass spectrometry (MS) - based proteomics in academic and pharmaceutical research as well as in clinical diagnostics.

Glycobiology along with the field of proteomics, particularly the application of mass spectrometry analysis to protein samples, is well-established and growing rapidly. Proteomics studies along with glycans generate large volumes of raw experimental data and inferred biological results. To facilitate the dissemination of these data, centralized data repositories have been developed that make the data and results accessible to proteomics researchers and biologists alike. Experimental analysis of proteomics data repositories focuses exclusively on freely-available, centralized data resources that disseminate or store experimental mass spectrometry data and results.

Glycomedicine plays major role in cell-cell adhesion i.e. a mechanism employed by cells of the immune system via sugar-binding proteins called lectins, which recognize specific carbohydrate moieties. Glycans (carbohydrate oligomers) are the “building blocks” of carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins and lipids which play major roles in many biological phenomena as well as in various pathophysiological processes. Many scientists in other fields of research have now realized that glycosylation, i.e. the addition of glycans to a protein backbone, is the most abundant post translational modification reactions and is an important field of research and sometimes they require a glycobiology or glycochemistry approach to be used.

Neuroscience or Neurobiology is a multidisciplinary branch of biology that combines the study of physiology, anatomy, molecular biology, developmental biology, cytology, mathematical modeling and psychology to understand the fundamental and emergent properties of neurons and neural circuits. Neuropathology focuses upon the classification and underlying pathogenic mechanisms of central and peripheral nervous system and muscle diseases, with an emphasis on morphologic, microscopic and chemically observable alterations.

Cardiac cell biology has come of age. Recognition of activated or modified signaling molecules by specific antibodies, new selective inhibitors, and fluorescent fusion tags are but a few of the tools used to dissect signaling pathways and cross-talk mechanisms that may eventually allow rational drug design. Cardiac hypertrophy is a major risk factor for heart failure and it has been shown that this increase in size occurs at the level of the cardiac myocyte.

Stem cell therapy is used to treat or prevent diseases by using stem cells. This treatment is used to supplant or repair harmed cells or tissues. It additionally helps in transplanting immature microorganisms or giving medications to those objective undifferentiated organisms in the body. Undeveloped cell treatment is a rising innovation; the recovery of body part is not really another idea.

Biochemistry is the study of chemical processes taking place inside the human body. Recently this subject has found its importance in the biological world as it has found its importance in all fields of life science and biology. The main focus is to understand how biological molecules give rise to the processes that occur within living cells. Biophysics is the trending topic in the field of biology. It relates physics and biology. In other words it signifies how traditional physical methods are used to study the biological phenomena inside the human body. Biophysical research shares significant overlap with biochemistry, molecular biology, physical chemistry, physiology, nanotechnology, bioengineering, computational biology, biomechanics and systems biology.

Diabetes commonly termed as Diabetes Mellitus in which there are high sugar level than optimal level. Symptoms of high blood sugar include increased urination, increased thirst, and increased hunger. Stroke occurs when an artery supplying blood to the brain either suddenly becomes blocked or begins to bleed which may result in part of the brain dying or leading to a sudden impairment that can affect a range of activities such as speaking, movement, thinking and communication. There are many biochemical pathways and diseases in which glycans are intricately involved with this diseases.